Crypto giardia rapid test

Log In. Crypto-Giardia The Crypto-Giardia test is a rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia antigens in human faeces specimens to aid in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosisand giardiasis. Email address. Download Center. Technical Support. For any inquiries and product assistance please contact us. Subscribe to our news letter. Home Overview: Products and Services.

Products Category Medical Condition Discipline. Support Terms and conditions. The inactivated Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts of ColorSeed fluoresce red, and those that were present in the sample fluoresce green. Diagnosis of both cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis can be accomplished by microscopic examination of duodenal aspirates and biopsy samples for sporozoites and other stages in the life cycles.

However, the presence of large numbers of oocysts in the faeces allows detection by examination of stool samples, and most clinical methods are based on this approach. Collection and storage of samples: Faecal samples for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection should be tested as soon as possible, ideally within 24 hours. Alternatively, samples can be frozen or preserved with formalin and other fixatives.

Since the shedding of cysts may be sporadic, at least three consecutive samples should be collected. Detection Large numbers of cysts may be present in the faeces of infected individuals, and fresh samples can be examined without further processing. However, for samples preserved in fixatives, a concentration step may be necessary. Typically this involves a formalin-ethyl acetate concentration procedure with centrifugation to separate cysts from debris.

Microscopy: Direct microscopic examination of faecal smears prepared from fresh or concentrated samples is still widely used to detect protozoan cysts in faeces. As the cysts of Cryptosporidium , and to a lesser extent Giardia , are tiny, a staining procedure is required to identify them. A number of different staining techniques have been developed, but acid-fast procedures, such as the Ziehl-Neelsen stain and modified Kinyoun's stain, are commonly used, along with trichrome stain and fluorescence-based stains, such as auramine phenol.

These methods require the skills of an experienced microscopist to be performed and interpreted correctly. The current preferred method for the detection of protozoan parasite cysts by microscopy is based on immunology. Direct fluorescent-antibody DFA testing utilises fluorescent-labelled antibodies specific for cell wall antigens of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts to visualise the parasites and provide a definitive diagnosis.

Immunology: Some immunology-based methods have also been developed to detect soluble protozoan antigens in faecal samples, thus removing the need for microscopic examination. These methods are now widely used in clinical laboratories for screening large numbers of samples quickly before confirmation by microscopy. Enzyme immunoassay EIA technologies have been used to develop commercial products for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. These assays can be performed in a few hours using a microplate format, and the results read using a spectrophotometric plate reader.

Immunochromatographic lateral-flow 'dipstick' tests have also been developed for protozoan antigen detection in stool samples. These tests are sensitive and specific, but very easy to use and provide a result in 10 minutes. Molecular biology: In recent years, molecular biology-based diagnostic detection methods have been developed for protozoan parasites. These methods offer highly specific and sensitive assays but have yet to be developed into widely available commercial clinical diagnostic products.

Identification: Identification of Cryptosporidium and Giardia to species level is challenging by conventional methods and is a task for specialist parasitology laboratories. It is not usually necessary for routine diagnostic purposes but may be important in outbreak investigations. Recently, molecular biology techniques have made identification more practical, although specialist skills are still required.

PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP analysis or sequencing, targeting different parts of the genome, have been widely employed. Real-time PCR methods have also been described. For example, the Cryptosporidium Genotyping Kit from Invitrogen can distinguish between infective and non-infective species and genotypes.

Food samples are rarely tested for Cryptosporidium oocysts or Giardia cysts. The low numbers likely to be present and the difficulty of extracting them from most food matrices preclude practical routine analysis. However, methods have been developed for certain 'high risk' foods, notably ready-to-eat salads and fresh produce.

The methods described are adapted from those used in water analysis and include both microscopy and PCR-based detection. Get the latest updates in Rapid Microbiological Test Methods sent to your email? Subscribe to the free rapidmicrobiology eNewsletter. Key Points Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis are water- and food-borne intestinal parasites, which pose a threat to human health in the developed world Standard detection methods for clinical and water samples are based on microscopy and require skilled technicians to perform them correctly.

Diagnostic and immunological tests are commonly used in water treatment. Detection methods for the water industry require huge sample volumes and effective concentration procedures to detect the very low numbers of protozoan cysts likely to be present Newer immunology- and PCR-based detection methods are more sensitive, faster and easier to perform than microscopy and offer the possibility of differentiation of species and genotypes Clinical Introduction: A wide range of intestinal parasites can be transmitted to humans directly, or via contaminated water and foods.

Methods Detection of the infective cysts of protozoan parasites cannot be accomplished by culture techniques and depends on sufficient cysts being present to detect by microscopy, immunological, or molecular methods.

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The primary drawback of these assays is the requirement for fresh, unpreserved stool specimens. Several EIA kits for antigen detection of the E. Immunodetection of antigens on the surface of organisms in stool specimens, using monoclonal antibody-based DFA assays, is the current test of choice for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis and provides increased sensitivity over modified acid-fast staining techniques. Several kits are combined tests for Cryptosporidium , Giardia , and E. Factors such as ease of use, technical skill and time, single versus batch testing, and test cost must be considered when determining the test of choice for individual laboratories.

A combined DFA test for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts is available. Some commercial EIA tests are available in the microplate format for the detection of Cryptosporidium antigens in fresh or frozen stool samples and also in stool specimens preserved in formalin, or sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin SAF fixed stool specimens. Concentrated or polyvinyl alcohol-treated PVA samples are unsuitable for testing with available antigen detection EIA kits.

The kits are reportedly superior to microscopy, especially acid-fast staining, and show good correlation with the DFA test. Laboratories which use these EIA kits need to be aware of potential problems with false-positive results and take steps to monitor kit performance. Rapid immunochromatographic assays are available for the combined antigen detection of either Cryptosporidium and Giardia or Cryptosporidium , Giardia , and E. These offer the advantage of short test time and multiple results in one reaction device.

Initial evaluations indicate comparable sensitivity and specificity to previously available tests. These techniques can be used to confirm suspicious or discrepant diagnostic results. Detection of antigens on the surface of organisms in stool specimens is the current test of choice for diagnosis of giardiasis and provides increased sensitivity over more common microscopy techniques.

DFA assays may be purchased that employ FITC-labeled monoclonal antibody for detection of Giardia cysts alone or in a combined kit for the simultaneous detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. They may be used for quantitation of cysts and oocysts, and thus may be useful for epidemiologic and control studies. Some commercial EIA tests are available in the microplate format for the detection of Giardia antigen in fresh or frozen stool samples and also in stool specimens preserved in formalin, MIF, or SAF fixatives.

Trichomoniasis, an infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis , is a common sexually transmitted disease. Diagnosis is made by detection of trophozoites in vaginal secretions or urethral specimens by wet mount microscopic examination, DFA staining of specimens, or culture. DPDx is an educational resource designed for health professionals and laboratory scientists. For an overview including prevention, control, and treatment visit www.

Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Section Navigation. Results Citations. Figures, Tables, and Topics from this paper. Citation Type. Has PDF. Publication Type. More Filters. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. Highly Influenced. View 1 excerpt, cites results. Detection rate and genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. View 2 excerpts, cites background. Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium and risks of cryptosporidiosis in residents of Sothern Egypt: A cross-sectional study.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. View 1 excerpt, cites background. Cryptosporidiosis among children with diarrhoea in three Asian countries: A review. Molecular genetic characterization of human Cryptosporidium isolates and their respective demographic, environmental and clinical manifestations in Egyptian diarrheic patients.

The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research. Advancing Cryptosporidium Diagnostics from Bench to Bedside. Current Tropical Medicine Reports. Cryptosporidiosis as threatening health problem: A review. Cryptosporidium spp. Food and waterborne parasitology. View 1 excerpt. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species in poultry in Bangladesh. One health. View 1 excerpt, cites methods. Journal of Clinical Microbiology.

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Material and Methods 2. Control Clinical Samples Preparation The aforementioned samples were subjected to a combined gold standard test comprising microscopic as well as PCR testing for Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Protozoan Coproscopic Diagnosis Unpreserved faecal specimens without prior concentration procedure were subjected to microscopic examination within hours after collection.

Data Storage and Statistical Analysis Results obtained from examination of the clinical stool samples were stored and analysed through Microsoft Excel TM Results 3. Selection Criteria for Positive and Negative Control Faecal Samples Based on the combined gold standard test-results on the preceding stool samples, three positive control groups were assigned.

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